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    <title>Catch crop diversity increases rhizosphere carbon input and soil microbial biomass
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        <h1 itemprop="headline">Catch crop diversity increases rhizosphere carbon input and soil
          microbial biomass</h1>
        <meta itemprop="image"
          content="https://via.placeholder.com/1200x714/dbdbdb/4a4a4a.png?text=Catch%20crop%20diversity%20increases%20rhizosphere%20carbon%20input%20and%20soil%20microbial%20biomass">
        <ol data-itemprop="authors">
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Norman Gentsch"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Norman</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Gentsch</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Jens Boy"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Jens</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Boy</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Juan Daniel Kennedy Batalla"><span
              data-itemprop="givenNames"><span itemprop="givenName">Juan Daniel</span></span><span
              data-itemprop="familyNames"><span itemprop="familyName">Kennedy Batalla</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Diana Heuermann"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Diana</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Heuermann</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Nicolaus von Wirén"><span
              data-itemprop="givenNames"><span itemprop="givenName">Nicolaus</span></span><span
              data-itemprop="familyNames"><span itemprop="familyName">von Wirén</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Dörte Schweneker"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Dörte</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Schweneker</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Ulf Feuerstein"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Ulf</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Feuerstein</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Jonas Groß"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Jonas</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Groß</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Bernahrd Bauer"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Bernahrd</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Bauer</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Barbara Reinhold-Hurek"><span
              data-itemprop="givenNames"><span itemprop="givenName">Barbara</span></span><span
              data-itemprop="familyNames"><span itemprop="familyName">Reinhold-Hurek</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Thomas Hurek"><span data-itemprop="givenNames"><span
                itemprop="givenName">Thomas</span></span><span data-itemprop="familyNames"><span
                itemprop="familyName">Hurek</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Fabricio Camacho Céspedes"><span
              data-itemprop="givenNames"><span itemprop="givenName">Fabricio</span></span><span
              data-itemprop="familyNames"><span itemprop="familyName">Camacho Céspedes</span></span>
          </li>
          <li itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author">
            <meta itemprop="name" content="Georg Guggenberger"><span
              data-itemprop="givenNames"><span itemprop="givenName">Georg</span></span><span
              data-itemprop="familyNames"><span itemprop="familyName">Guggenberger</span></span>
          </li>
        </ol><span itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" itemprop="publisher">
          <meta itemprop="name" content="Unknown"><span itemscope=""
            itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="logo">
            <meta itemprop="url"
              content="https://via.placeholder.com/600x60/dbdbdb/4a4a4a.png?text=Unknown">
          </span>
        </span><time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2020-05-23">2020-05-23</time>
        <section data-itemprop="description">
          <h2 data-itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading">Abstract</h2>
          <meta itemprop="description"
            content="Catch crops increase plant species richness in crop rotations, but are most often grown as pure stands. Here, we investigate...">
          <p itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Paragraph">Catch crops increase plant
            species richness in crop rotations, but are most often grown as pure stands. Here, we
            investigate...</p>
        </section>
        <h3 itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading" id="results">Results</h3>
        <h4 itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading"
          id="plant-biomass-and-net-ecosystem-exchange">Plant biomass and net ecosystem exchange
        </h4>
        <p itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Paragraph">The NEE decreased significantly
          with increasing catch crop diversity (<a href="#fig1" itemscope=""
            itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Link">Fig. 1</a>), suggesting increasing <span
            itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/MathFragment"><span
              class="mjx-chtml"><span class="mjx-math" aria-label="CO_2"><span class="mjx-mrow"
                  aria-hidden="true"><span class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"
                      style="padding-top: 0.519em; padding-bottom: 0.298em; padding-right: 0.045em;">C</span></span><span
                    class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span class="mjx-mi"><span
                          class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"
                          style="padding-top: 0.519em; padding-bottom: 0.298em;">O</span></span></span><span
                      class="mjx-sub"
                      style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span
                        class="mjx-mn" style=""><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R"
                          style="padding-top: 0.372em; padding-bottom: 0.372em;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>-C
          uptake from the atmosphere.</p>
        <figure itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Figure" id="fig1" title="Figure 1">
          <label data-itemprop="label">Figure 1</label>
          <stencila-code-chunk itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/CodeChunk"
            data-programminglanguage="r">
            <pre class="language-r" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/CodeBlock"
              slot="text"><code># written with R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22) -- &quot;Taking Off Again&quot;
##------ Tue Oct 13 11:53:48 2020 ------##
# by Norman Gentsch

library(tidyverse)
library(lme4)
library(emmeans)
library(multcomp)


# set theme for ggplot
theme_set(theme_bw())
theme_myBW &lt;- theme(axis.title.x = element_text(size = 10, color = &quot;black&quot;), 
                    axis.title.y = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 1.5, size = 10, color = &quot;black&quot;),
                    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 7, color = &quot;black&quot;), 
                    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10, color = &quot;black&quot;), 
                    axis.ticks =element_line(colour=&quot;black&quot;),
                    strip.text.x = element_text(size = 10, color = &quot;black&quot;),
                    strip.background = element_blank(),
                    panel.border =element_rect(colour=&quot;black&quot;, fill=NA), 
                    panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
                    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
                    plot.title = element_text(size = 12, hjust=0.5),
                    #legend.position=c(0.0,1.0), 
                    #legend.justification=c(0,1), 
                    legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
                    legend.text.align=0,
                    legend.title =  element_text(size = 10), 
                    legend.key = element_rect(colour=&quot;white&quot;, fill = &quot;white&quot;),
                    legend.key.size = unit(5, &quot;mm&quot;),
                    legend.background = element_blank())


# set vector with colors and label
COL &lt;- c(&quot;Fallow&quot; = &quot;slategray&quot;, &quot;Mustard&quot; = &quot;red3&quot; , &quot;Mix4&quot; = &quot;orchid3&quot;, &quot;Mix12&quot;= &quot;orange4&quot;)
SHP &lt;- c(&quot;Fallow&quot;=21,&quot;Mustard&quot;=22,&quot;Mix4&quot;=23, &quot;Mix12&quot;=24)


data &lt;- read.csv2(&quot;data.csv&quot;, as.is=T)
data$cc_variant &lt;- factor(data$cc_variant, levels = c(&quot;Fallow&quot;, &quot;Mustard&quot;, &quot;Mix4&quot;, &quot;Mix12&quot;))
data$NEE &lt;- as.numeric(data$NEE)


lm_NEE &lt;- lmer(NEE ~ cc_variant + (1|Date), data=data)
df_NEE &lt;- cld(emmeans(lm_NEE, specs =&quot;cc_variant&quot;), Letters=letters, sort=FALSE)

#Compute Position
Pos &lt;- aggregate(NEE~cc_variant,data,min)

# summary table for 
sum.lm &lt;- glht(lm_NEE, linfct = mcp(cc_variant = &quot;Tukey&quot;))
#summary(sum.lm)$test$pvalue


glht.table &lt;- function(x) {
  pq &lt;- summary(x)$test
  mtests &lt;- cbind(pq$coefficients, pq$sigma, pq$tstat, pq$pvalues)
  colnames(mtests) &lt;- c(&quot;Estimate&quot;, &quot;Std Error&quot;, &quot;z value&quot;, &quot;p value&quot;)
  return(mtests)
  }

df.summary &lt;- data.frame(glht.table(sum.lm))
#df.summary
abc &lt;- subset (df.summary, p.value&lt;0.01)
maxValue &lt;- max(abc$p.value)
p &lt;- round(maxValue + 5*10^(-3), 2)

colMax &lt;- function(data) sapply(data, max, na.rm = TRUE)

# Plot for BFS
 ggplot(data, aes(x= cc_variant, y=NEE, fill= cc_variant))+
  geom_boxplot()+
  scale_fill_manual(values = COL, guide=FALSE)+
  geom_text(data= merge(df_NEE,Pos) ,
            aes(y=NEE-10,x=cc_variant, label=.group))+
  labs(x=&quot;Catch crop variant&quot;,  y=expression(&quot;NEE (mg CO&quot;[2]~&quot;- C&quot;~m^{-2}~h^{-1}~&quot;)&quot;), fill=&quot;&quot;)+
  theme_myBW+scale_x_discrete(limits=c(&quot;Fallow&quot;, &quot;Mustard&quot;, &quot;Mix4&quot;, &quot;Mix12&quot;))

#ggsave(&quot;Fig1.png&quot;, width = 84, height = 70, units = &quot;mm&quot;, dpi = 600)



#summary(lm_NEE)
</code></pre>
          </stencila-code-chunk>
          <figcaption>
            <h3 itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading"
              id="net-ecosystem-exchange-nee-of-c-between-catch-crop-treatments-bars-represent-means-±-se-lowercase-letters-denote-significant-differences-p--p-r-between-treatments">
              Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of C between catch crop treatments. Bars represent means
              ± SE; lowercase letters denote significant differences (p &lt;
              <stencila-code-expression programming-language="r" itemscope=""
                itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/CodeExpression"><code class="r"
                  slot="text">p</code><output slot="output"></output></stencila-code-expression>)
              between treatments</h3>
          </figcaption>
        </figure>
        <h3 itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading" id="discussion">Discussion</h3>
        <h4 itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Heading"
          id="nee-is-linked-to-plant-diversity">NEE is linked to plant diversity</h4>
        <p itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Paragraph"><a href="" itemscope=""
            itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Link">...</a> The NEE in our study showed a remarkably
          strong negative gradient from mustard to mix 4 to mix 12 (<a href="#fig1" itemscope=""
            itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/Link">Fig. 1</a>), which suggested higher
          photosynthetic <span itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.stenci.la/MathFragment"><span
              class="mjx-chtml"><span class="mjx-math" aria-label="CO_2"><span class="mjx-mrow"
                  aria-hidden="true"><span class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"
                      style="padding-top: 0.519em; padding-bottom: 0.298em; padding-right: 0.045em;">C</span></span><span
                    class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span class="mjx-mi"><span
                          class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"
                          style="padding-top: 0.519em; padding-bottom: 0.298em;">O</span></span></span><span
                      class="mjx-sub"
                      style="font-size: 70.7%; vertical-align: -0.212em; padding-right: 0.071em;"><span
                        class="mjx-mn" style=""><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R"
                          style="padding-top: 0.372em; padding-bottom: 0.372em;">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>-C
          fixation rates with increasing catch crop diversity.</p>
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