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      <p class="paragraph">We analyze properties of experimental microbial time series, from plankton and the human microbiome, and investigate whether stochastic generalized Lotka-Volterra models could reproduce those properties. We show that this is the case when the noise term is large and a linear function of the species abundance, while the strength of the self-interactions varies over multiple orders of magnitude. We stress the fact that all the observed stochastic properties can be obtained from a logistic model, i.e. without interactions, even the niche character of the experimental time series. Linear noise is associated with growth rate stochasticity, which is related to changes in the environment. This suggests that fluctuations in the sparsely sampled experimental time series may be caused by extrinsic sources.</p>




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  <h4 class="author-details__name">Lana Descheemaeker</h4>

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        <span class="author-details__text">Physics department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium</span>
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        <h5 class="author-details__heading">Competing interests</h5>
        <span class="author-details__text">The authors declare that no competing interests exist.</span>
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    <span class="orcid">
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    	 0000-0002-8732-7051</a>
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        <span class="author-details__text">Physics department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium</span>
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        <h5 class="author-details__heading">For correspondence</h5>
        <span class="author-details__text"><a href="mailto:sdebuyl@vub.be">sdebuyl@vub.be</a></span>
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        <span class="author-details__text">The authors declare that no competing interests exist.</span>
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    	 0000-0002-3314-9616</a>
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            <li>Lana Descheemaeker</li>
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<p class="paragraph">The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.</p>




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            <li>Received: January 31, 2020</li>
            <li>Accepted: July 20, 2020</li>
            <li>Accepted Manuscript published: <a href="/articles/55650v1">July 20, 2020 (version 1)</a></li>
            <li>Version of Record published: <a href="/articles/55650">August 6, 2020 (version 2)</a></li>
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                <p class="paragraph">Older age is a strong shared risk factor for many chronic diseases and there is increasing interest in identifying aging biomarkers. Here a proteomic analysis of 1301 plasma proteins was conducted in 997 individuals between 21 and 102 years of age. We identified 651 proteins associated with age (506 over-represented, 145 underrepresented with age) was identified. Mediation analysis suggested a role for partial cis-epigenetic control of protein expression with age. Of the age-associated proteins, 33.5% and 45.3%, were associated with mortality and multimorbidity, respectively. There was enrichment of proteins associated with inflammation and extracellular matrix as well as senescence-associated secretory proteins. A 76-protein proteomic age signature predicted accumulation of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. These data support the premise of proteomic biomarkers to monitor aging trajectories and to identify individuals at higher risk for disease to be targeted for in depth diagnostic procedures and early interventions.</p>

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                <p class="paragraph">While multicompartment models have long been used to study the biophysics of neurons, it is still challenging to infer the parameters of such models from data including uncertainty estimates. Here, we performed Bayesian inference for the parameters of detailed neuron models of a photoreceptor and an OFF- and an ON-cone bipolar cell from the mouse retina based on two-photon imaging data. We obtained multivariate posterior distributions specifying plausible parameter ranges consistent with the data and allowing to identify parameters poorly constrained by the data. To demonstrate the potential of such mechanistic data-driven neuron models, we created a simulation environment for external electrical stimulation of the retina and optimized stimulus waveforms to target OFF- and ON-cone bipolar cells, a current major problem of retinal neuroprosthetics.</p>

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